Brown bears (Ursus arctos) with white pelage (coloration) are found in Kunashiri Island and Etorofu Island, both of the Southern Kuril Islands. While brown bears are distributed widely over the northern hemisphere, we have very little information on those with a white pelage. Here, the researcher investigates and reports on these rare creatures, comparing the salmon catching proficiency of white-colored brown bears and conventional brown bears, examining the genetic makeup of white-colored brown bears, and investigating their conservation ecologies. It is the author's hope that the availability of such information will encourage efforts to protect brown bears and their habitats on both islands.